Endorsements:

 

“The critical insight of Qian Lu’s book is to provide clear historical evidence that the United States was not born modern, and to understand how it made its way to a modern society with a competitive economy and polity. The insights of the book help us all understand the problems facing any country that wants to develop today. Qian Lu’s book provides an in depth historical account of how this process played out in Massachusetts. The empirical work is detailed and convincing. It provides a new insight into United States history, one the Americans themselves have been slow to recognize. More importantly, however, it provides a window into how a society can begin to move from limited to open access. We need many more of this type of detailed historical studies before we can begin to understand the general process of the transition.”

 

—John Joseph Wallis‚ Professor of Economics University of Maryland & NBER

 

“Qian Lu’s detailed study of the early history of banking in one U.S. state, Massachusetts, plows new ground of historical interpretation by challenging previous views that American independence from Britain changed the regulatory regime from one that stifed banking and corporate development to one that allowed virtually free entry of new banks and corporations. Qian Lu presents us with a fascinating and convincing account of this important transition in American political economy. I congratulate Qian Lu for teaching Americans something they had not previously known about their history.”

 

—Richard Sylla‚ Professor Emeritus of Economics Henry Kaufman Professor of the History of Financial Institutions and Markets (1990–2015), New York University 

 

“Employing a wide range of previously overlooked sources on Massachusetts’s bankers and politicians, Lu provides a compelling and original narrative about the connection between inclusive political systems and open access economies. Lu’s analysis offers an original insight into dynamics of political and economic change in a polity struggling with the establishment of what Douglass North labels the “rules of the game.” Their founding choices provided opportunities for later generations of entrepreneurs to emerge and thrive.”

 

—Howard Bodenhorn‚ Professor of Economics, Clemson University 

 

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